Here you can download the free lecture notes of solid waste management pdf notes swm pdf notes materials with multiple file links to download. Waste are items we individuals, offices, schools, industries, hospitals dont need and discard. Some solid waste can also be converted to a liquid waste form for disposal. The hospital waste includes solid waste in the form of disposable syringes, bandages, cotton swabs, body fluids, human excreta, anatomical waste, bandages, expired medicines, and other types of chemical and biological waste. The accumulation of wastes in different forms causes serious environmental hazards. Solid waste disposal management is usually referred to the process of collecting and treating solid wastes. Redefining the concepts of waste and waste management.
Certain types of wastes that cause immediate danger to exposed individuals or environments are classified as hazardous. There are different classifications, depending on their origin, composition, danger, etc. Solid waste management types with methods and its effects. The main purpose of definition and classification systems is to assist users to understand the. Waste management comprises a collective activity involving segregation, collection, transportation, reprocessing, recycling and disposal of various types of. Legal definitions for waste types have not been included in this section, as these will vary by location. The fivetier waste hierarchy defines the following order of priority. Sometimes there are things we have that the law requires us to discard because they can be harmful. Solid waste disposal and management is a critical aspect of environmental hygiene and it needs to be incorporated into environmental planning. Solid waste management hierarchy waste management plan. Learn everything from recycling basics to expert tips.
Solid waste types of solid waste disposing solid waste. Read this article to learn about types, sources, effects and methods of solid waste management. Waste comes in infinite sizessome can be as small as an old toothbrush, or as large as the body of a school bus. Environmental and health impact of solid waste disposal in. The paper attempts to understand the important role played by the formal sector engaged in waste management in our country. Waste disposal methods types of waste disposal solutions. Classification of solid waste, sources, composition elements of solid waste management. Waste is classified by source and composition, and its components may be either hazardous or inert with respect to their effects on health and their effect on the environment. We need accurate information on the characteristics of liquid wastes in order to establish proper waste management processes to deal with them. Solid waste management is an integral part of the environmental domain of any region.
Everything that surrounds us is directly or indirectly connected to. The following pages describe a threestep process for waste designation. Waste handling and separation, storage and processing at the source involves activities associated with waste management until the waste is placed in storage containers for collection. Different waste types require different treatment, so the first step in waste treatment is to define the waste type involved. Computer equipment, monitorstvs, cell phones, batteries, stereos, etc. Waste and waste management evolving the theory of waste management academic dissertation to be presented with the assent of the faculty of technology, university of oulu, for public discussion in kajaaninsali auditorium l 6, linnanmaa, on september 25th, 2002, at 12 noon. Thus, as one single unit, it encompasses right from the collection, disposal, recycling, to which the processes of monitoring and regulation, respectively belong to, along with the legal frameworks that enable the occurrence of waste management. It is recognized as a practical method of disposing of certain hazardous waste materials. Generation and characteristics a clear appreciation of the quantities and characteristics of the waste being generated is a key component in the development of robust and costeffective solid waste management strategies. Waste disposal, the collection, processing, and recycling or deposition of the waste materials of human society. Biodegradable waste can be commonly found in municipal solid waste as green waste, food waste, paper waste, and biodegradable plastics. Electronic waste university of california, berkeley. Pdf the concept of waste and waste management researchgate. All nonhazardous solid waste from a community that requires.
Classification of solid waste, sources, composition by dr. Solid waste management pdf notes swm pdf notes smartzworld. Apr 22, 2020 developing effective waste management strategies is critical for nations all over the world, as many forms of waste can develop into a major problem when they are not handled properly. Waste from medical centres poses specific health hazards and for this reason is considered separately in chapter 8. Today there have been great advances to make portable water from wastewater. The type and composition of liquid waste depends on the source. In many communities, citizens have voiced concerns about solid waste transfer. The paper analysed solid waste evacuation from market neighbourhoods in two major markets in awka urban.
Waste management is intended to reduce adverse effects of waste on human health, the environment. Waste definitions and classifications department of the. Growth of large urban areas, tourist flow, rise of living standards and change of consuming. Waste management deals with all types of waste, including industrial, biological and household. Modern waste disposal methods give you several different options for getting rid of your waste. Waste must not be generated in one room and taken to another room for storage. In the absence of oxygen much of this waste will decay to methane by anaerobic digestion. Direct handling of solid waste can result in various types of infectious and chronic diseases.
The waste generated by industry and society needs to be classified in order to apply the correct form of management. Solid waste management in schools school sanitation. So please remember these three basic rules the next time you recycle. Incineration is a controversial method of waste disposal. Types of wastes different types and sources of wastes. If a thirdparty waste hauler is used, describe the process for documenting and confirming the receipt of the cannabis waste at the solid waste facility. A framework for excellence in environmental stewardship responsible exploration waste management eswmv1. Handling also encompasses the movement of loaded containers to the point of collection. Hari prasad kafle lecturer, public health pokhara university 2. As long as liumans have been living in settled communities, solid waste, or garbage, has been an issue, and modern societies generate far more solid waste than early humans ever did. Certain types of chemicals, byproduct releases and hazardous. The term municipal solid waste msw is generally used to describe most of the nonhazardous solid waste from a. Waste management and organization can be easier if there is already a business plan that can serve as a reference to all entities involved in the project. Solid waste management notes pdf swm notes pdf book starts with the topics waste collection, from low and mediumrise apartments, landfill technique, types of landfill, landfills for commingled msw.
Without this type of information, you may have to test each waste to determine if it is dangerous waste. Types of waste generally, waste could be liquid or solid waste. No physicalchemical wastewater treatment processes are covered, although some physical operations, such as sedimentation and aeration, are dealt with since they are an integral part of some. Waste act of 1990, which set a goal of diverting 25% of new mexicos municipal solid waste from landfills by 1995 and 50% by july 1, 2000. As shown in the diagram above, solid waste management generally includes a collection of waste, transporting waste, processing and recycling it, and. So its high time for the present society to take appropriate steps for the management of waste, possibly through its recycling. Solid waste management is a polite term for garbage management. This paper will discuss the problem of environmental pollution and waste management. The study is hinged on the concept of sustainable solid waste management.
It is typically the job of the generator, subject to local, national and even international authorities. Classification of solid waste, sources, composition. Other biodegradable wastes include human waste, manure, sewage, sloughterhouse waste. E waste management the major components of e waste management are e waste collection, sorting and transportation. In some cases, waste can pose a threat to human health. As long as liumans have been living in settled communities, solid waste, or garbage, has been an issue, and modern societies generate far more solid waste than early humans. The government was working on a proposal to incorporate waste management in school curriculum to sensitise the younger generation about managing municipal solid waste in a hygienic and scientific manner.
The most common form of disposal of waste is landfill, and most modern landfill is wellengineered and regulated areas. Waste management introduction waste management is a challenging issue from an environmental, political, legal and social point of view. It involves inventory management, productionprocess modification, volume reduction, recovery and reuse. In order to manage waste, the environmental protection agency epa and the solid waste act favor an integrated solid waste management strategy that includes 1 reducing the amount. The sources of solid waste include residential, commercial, institutional, and industrial activities. To find out more, please reference these guidelines and common myths based on science, research and. Moreover, the current and the future production of e waste, the potential environmental problems associated with their disposal and management practices are discussed whereas the existing e waste management schemes in greece and other countries japan, switzerland are also quoted. Waste is any substance which is discarded after primary use or in other words, there is no further use for the product. There are certain standards that the landfills must meet in order to remain open. The type and quantity of waste generated in emergency situations varies greatly. Solid waste can create significant health problems and a very unpleasant living environment if not disposed of safely and appropriately. Incineration is carried out both on a small scale by individuals and on a large scale by industry.
Waste definitions can determine whether a material is a waste or a product or resource, and that determination can have significant regulatory, environmental and financial impacts for the whole waste management system, including waste generators, processors, transporters and disposal operators. Show full abstract approaches of the type necessary to aid in considering a wide range of development possibilities and to determine the wastewater management requirements related to. Thus, this is in a nutshell a solid waste management hierarchy. Therefore, as csr and waste management are somewhat overlapping topics, this thesis will concentrate on discovering the potential benefits that different types of waste management procedures have to offer for organizations, or whether they bring no additional value or even create more costs in the first place. Solid waste disposal must be managed systematically to ensure environmental best practices. Waste is produced by human activity, for example, the extraction and processing of raw materials. Waste management is devoted to the presentation and discussion of information on solid waste generation, characterization, minimization, collection, separation, treatment and disposal, as well as manuscripts that address waste management policy, education, and economic and environmental assessments. Solid waste disposal and management includes planning, administrative, financial, engineering and legal functions. Environmental and health impact of solid waste disposal in developing cities. Waste, is a combination of used or unwanted electronic products that have exceeded their shelf life. Oct 28, 2016 e waste management the major components of e waste management are e waste collection, sorting and transportation. In urban areas, the main sources are households, commercial establishments and industries. For the waste sector in south africa this means care must be given to raw material use, product design, resource efficiency, waste prevention, and minimization where avoidance is impossible.
The manual identifies issues and factors to consider when deciding to build a transfer station, planning and designing it, selecting a site, and involving the community. A waste management plan provides an idea about different kinds of wastes and how they can be managed to ensure minimal to no negative effect to stakeholders. Waste generation, composition and management data 2006 ipcc guidelines for national greenhouse gas inventories 2. Taking a look at the different options helps you find a solution thats not only good for you but also for the environment. The term waste management collectively means the management of waste from its inception to the final stage of disposal. Waste management in germany 2018 facts, data, diagrams bmu. Although amongst some of the more developed countries within the region the quantification and. In general this does not include excreta, although sometimes nappies and the faeces of young children may be mixed with solid waste. Jul 23, 2012 the hospital waste includes solid waste in the form of disposable syringes, bandages, cotton swabs, body fluids, human excreta, anatomical waste, bandages, expired medicines, and other types of chemical and biological waste. Hospital waste is equally hazardous and dangerous as in case of industrial waste if not disposed off or managed properly. It is used to dispose of solid, liquid and gaseous waste. In industries, management of e waste is done by waste minimization techniques. Liquid and solid waste types can also be grouped into organic, reusable and recyclable waste.